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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Neurosci
2018 ; 38
(4
): 767-775
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How Forces Fold the Cerebral Cortex
#MMPMID29367287
Kroenke CD
; Bayly PV
J Neurosci
2018[Jan]; 38
(4
): 767-775
PMID29367287
show ga
Improved understanding of the factors that govern folding of the cerebral cortex
is desirable for many reasons. The existence of consistent patterns in folding
within and between species suggests a fundamental role in brain function.
Abnormal folding patterns found in individuals affected by a diverse array of
neurodevelopmental disorders underline the clinical relevance of understanding
the folding process. Recent experimental and computational efforts to elucidate
the biomechanical forces involved in cerebral cortical folding have converged on
a consistent approach. Brain growth is modeled with two components: an expanding
outer zone, destined to become the cerebral cortex, is mechanically coupled to an
inner zone, destined to become white matter, that grows at a slower rate, perhaps
in response to stress induced by expansion from the outer layer. This framework
is consistent with experimentally observed internal forces in developing brains,
and with observations of the folding process in physical models. In addition,
computational simulations based on this foundation can produce folding patterns
that recapitulate the characteristics of folding patterns found in gyroencephalic
brains. This perspective establishes the importance of mechanical forces in our
current understanding of how brains fold, and identifies realistic ranges for
specific parameters in biophysical models of developing brain tissue. However,
further refinement of this approach is needed. An understanding of mechanical
forces that arise during brain development and their cellular-level origins is
necessary to interpret the consequences of abnormal brain folding and its role in
functional deficits as well as neurodevelopmental disease.Dual Perspectives
Companion Paper: How Cells Fold the Cerebral Cortex, by Víctor Borrell.
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