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2015 ; 5
(ä): 864-76
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Homoiterons and expansion in ribosomal RNAs
#MMPMID26636029
Parker MS
; Sallee FR
; Park EA
; Parker SL
FEBS Open Bio
2015[]; 5
(ä): 864-76
PMID26636029
show ga
Ribosomal RNAs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes feature numerous repeats of
three or more nucleotides with the same nucleobase (homoiterons). In prokaryotes
these repeats are much more frequent in thermophile compared to mesophile or
psychrophile species, and have similar frequency in both large RNAs. These
features point to use of prokaryotic homoiterons in stabilization of both
ribosomal subunits. The two large RNAs of eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes have
expanded to a different degree across the evolutionary ladder. The big RNA of the
larger subunit (60S LSU) evolved expansion segments of up to 2400 nucleotides,
and the smaller subunit (40S SSU) RNA acquired expansion segments of not more
than 700 nucleotides. In the examined eukaryotes abundance of rRNA homoiterons
generally follows size and nucleotide bias of the expansion segments, and
increases with GC content and especially with phylogenetic rank. Both the
nucleotide bias and frequency of homoiterons are much larger in metazoan and
angiosperm LSU compared to the respective SSU RNAs. This is especially pronounced
in the tetrapod vertebrates and seems to culminate in the hominid mammals. The
stability of secondary structure in polyribonucleotides would significantly
connect to GC content, and should also relate to G and C homoiteron content. RNA
modeling points to considerable presence of homoiteron-rich double-stranded
segments especially in vertebrate LSU RNAs, and homoiterons with four or more
nucleotides in the vertebrate and angiosperm LSU RNAs are largely confined to the
expansion segments. These features could mainly relate to protein export function
and attachment of LSU to endoplasmic reticulum and other subcellular networks.