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2016 ; 11
(3
): e0151129
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Holothurian Nervous System Diversity Revealed by Neuroanatomical Analysis
#MMPMID26987052
Díaz-Balzac CA
; Lázaro-Peña MI
; Vázquez-Figueroa LD
; Díaz-Balzac RJ
; García-Arrarás JE
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(3
): e0151129
PMID26987052
show ga
The Echinodermata comprise an interesting branch in the phylogenetic tree of
deuterostomes. Their radial symmetry which is reflected in their nervous system
anatomy makes them a target of interest in the study of nervous system evolution.
Until recently, the study of the echinoderm nervous system has been hindered by a
shortage of neuronal markers. However, in recent years several markers of
neuronal and fiber subpopulations have been described. These have been used to
identify subpopulations of neurons and fibers, but an integrative study of the
anatomical relationship of these subpopulations is wanting. We have now used
eight commercial antibodies, together with three antibodies produced by our group
to provide a comprehensive and integrated description and new details of the
echinoderm neuroanatomy using the holothurian Holothuria glaberrima (Selenka,
1867) as our model system. Immunoreactivity of the markers used showed: (1)
specific labeling patterns by markers in the radial nerve cords, which suggest
the presence of specific nerve tracts in holothurians. (2) Nerves directly
innervate most muscle fibers in the longitudinal muscles. (3) Similar to other
deuterostomes (mainly vertebrates), their enteric nervous system is composed of a
large and diverse repertoire of neurons and fiber phenotypes. Our results provide
a first blueprint of the anatomical organization of cells and fibers that form
the holothurian neural circuitry, and highlight the fact that the echinoderm
nervous system shows unexpected diversity in cell and fiber types and their
distribution in both central and peripheral nervous components.