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2014 ; 25
(ä): 8-14,138
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Histone variants: the tricksters of the chromatin world
#MMPMID24463272
Volle C
; Dalal Y
Curr Opin Genet Dev
2014[Apr]; 25
(ä): 8-14,138
PMID24463272
show ga
The eukaryotic genome exists in vivo at an equimolar ratio with histones, thus
forming a polymer composed of DNA and histone proteins. Each nucleosomal unit in
this polymer provides versatile capabilities and dynamic range. Substitutions of
the individual components of the histone core with structurally distinct histone
variants and covalent modifications alter the local fabric of the chromatin
fiber, resulting in epigenetic changes that can be regulated by the cell. In this
review, we highlight recent advances in the study of histone variant structure,
assembly, and inheritance, their influence on nucleosome positioning, and their
cumulative effect upon gene expression, DNA repair and the progression of
disease. We also highlight fundamental questions that remain unanswered regarding
the behavior of histone variants and their influence on cellular function in the
normal and diseased states.