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2015 ; 8
(3
): 72-9
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Histological Stains: A Literature Review and Case Study
#MMPMID26493433
Alturkistani HA
; Tashkandi FM
; Mohammedsaleh ZM
Glob J Health Sci
2015[Jun]; 8
(3
): 72-9
PMID26493433
show ga
The history of histology indicates that there have been significant changes in
the techniques used for histological staining through chemical, molecular biology
assays and immunological techniques, collectively referred to as histochemistry.
Early histologists used the readily available chemicals to prepare tissues for
microscopic studies; these laboratory chemicals were potassium dichromate,
alcohol and the mercuric chloride to harden cellular tissues. Staining techniques
used were carmine, silver nitrate, Giemsa, Trichrome Stains, Gram Stain and
Hematoxylin among others. The purpose of this research was to assess past and
current literature reviews, as well as case studies, with the aim of informing
ways in which histological stains have been improved in the modern age. Results
from the literature review has indicated that there has been an improvement in
histopathology and histotechnology in stains used. There has been a rising need
for efficient, accurate and less complex staining procedures. Many stain
procedures are still in use today, and many others have been replaced with new
immunostaining, molecular, non-culture and other advanced staining techniques.
Some staining methods have been abandoned because the chemicals required have
been medically proven to be toxic. The case studies indicated that in modern
histology a combination of different stain techniques are used to enhance the
effectiveness of the staining process. Currently, improved histological stains,
have been modified and combined with other stains to improve their effectiveness.
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