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2017 ; 8
(ä): 22
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Heterogeneity of the Pancreatic Beta Cell
#MMPMID28321233
Gutierrez GD
; Gromada J
; Sussel L
Front Genet
2017[]; 8
(ä): 22
PMID28321233
show ga
The pancreatic beta cell functions as a key regulator of blood glucose levels by
integrating a variety of signals in response to changing metabolic demands.
Variations in beta cell identity that translate into functionally different
subpopulations represent an interesting mechanism to allow beta cells to
efficiently respond to diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Recently, there is emerging evidence that morphological and functional
differences between beta cells exist. Furthermore, the ability of novel single
cell technologies to characterize the molecular identity of individual beta cells
has created a new era in the beta cell field. These studies are providing
important novel information about the origin of beta cell heterogeneity, the type
and proportions of the different beta cell subpopulations, as well as their
intrinsic properties. Furthermore, characterization of different beta cell
subpopulations that could variably offer protection from or drive progression of
diabetes has important clinical implications in diabetes prevention, beta cell
regeneration and stem cell treatments. In this review, we will assess the
evidence that supports the existence of heterogeneous populations of beta cells
and the factors that could influence their formation. We will also address novel
studies using islet single cell analysis that have provided important information
toward understanding beta cell heterogeneity and discuss the caveats that may be
associated with these new technologies.