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2015 ; 4
(4
): 343-55
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Hepatitis E virus infection: Epidemiology and treatment implications
#MMPMID26568916
Lee GY
; Poovorawan K
; Intharasongkroh D
; Sa-Nguanmoo P
; Vongpunsawad S
; Chirathaworn C
; Poovorawan Y
World J Virol
2015[Nov]; 4
(4
): 343-55
PMID26568916
show ga
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is now established as an emerging enteric viral
hepatitis. Standard treatments in acute and chronic hepatitis E remain to be
established. This study undertakes a review of the epidemiology, treatment
implication and vaccine prevention from published literature. HEV infection is a
worldwide public health problem and can cause acute and chronic hepatitis E. HEV
genotypes 1 and 2 are primarily found in developing countries due to waterborne
transmission, while the zoonotic potential of genotypes 3 and 4 affects mostly
industrialized countries. An awareness of HEV transmission through blood
donation, especially in the immunocompromised and solid organ transplant
patients, merits an effective anti-viral therapy. There are currently no clear
indications for the treatment of acute hepatitis E. Despite concerns for side
effects, ribavirin monotherapy or in combination with pegylated interferon alpha
for at least 3 mo appeared to show significant efficacy in the treatment of
chronic hepatitis E. However, there are no available treatment options for
specific patient population groups, such as women who are pregnant. Vaccination
and screening of HEV in blood donors are currently a global priority in managing
infection. New strategies for the treatment and control of hepatitis E are
required for both acute and chronic infections, such as prophylactic use of
medications, controlling large outbreaks, and finding acceptable antiviral
therapy for pregnant women and other patient groups for whom the current options
of treatment are not viable.