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2016 ; 4
(1
): 39-46
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Hepatic Echinococcal Cysts: A Review
#MMPMID27047771
Pakala T
; Molina M
; Wu GY
J Clin Transl Hepatol
2016[Mar]; 4
(1
): 39-46
PMID27047771
show ga
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widely endemic helminthic disease caused by
infection with metacestodes (larval stage) of the Echinococcus granulosus
tapeworm. E. granulosus are common parasites in certain parts of the world, and
are present on every continent with the exception of Antarctica. As a result, a
large number of people are affected by CE. The increased emigration of
populations from endemic areas where prevalence rates are as high as 5-10% and
the relatively quiescent clinical course of CE pose challenges for accurate and
timely diagnoses. Upon infection with CE, cyst formation mainly occurs in the
liver (70%). Diagnosis involves serum serologic testing for antibodies against
hydatid antigens, but preferably with imaging by ultrasound or CT/MRI. Treatment
methods include chemotherapy with benzimidazole carbamates and/or surgical
approaches, including percutaneous aspiration injection and reaspiration. The
success of these methods is influenced by the stage and location of hepatic
cysts. However, CE can be clinically silent, and has a high risk for recurrence.
It is important to consider the echinococcal parasite in the differential
diagnosis of liver cystic lesions, especially in patients of foreign origin, and
to perform appropriate long-term follow-ups. The aim of this review is to
highlight the epidemiology, natural history, diagnostic methods, and treatment of
liver disease caused by E. granulosus.
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