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2016 ; 6
(2
): 975-1003
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English Wikipedia
Hemodynamics
#MMPMID27065172
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Compr Physiol
2016[Mar]; 6
(2
): 975-1003
PMID27065172
show ga
A review is presented of the physical principles governing the distribution of
blood flow and blood pressure in the vascular system. The main factors involved
are the pulsatile driving pressure generated by the heart, the flow
characteristics of blood, and the geometric structure and mechanical properties
of the vessels. The relationship between driving pressure and flow in a given
vessel can be understood by considering the viscous and inertial forces acting on
the blood. Depending on the vessel diameter and other physical parameters, a wide
variety of flow phenomena can occur. In large arteries, the propagation of the
pressure pulse depends on the elastic properties of the artery walls. In the
microcirculation, the fact that blood is a suspension of cells strongly
influences its flow properties and leads to a nonuniform distribution of
hematocrit among microvessels. The forces acting on vessel walls include shear
stress resulting from blood flow and circumferential stress resulting from blood
pressure. Biological responses to these forces are important in the control of
blood flow and the structural remodeling of vessels, and also play a role in
major disease processes including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Consideration
of hemodynamics is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the functioning
of the circulatory system.
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