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2015 ; 9
(ä): 135
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Goal-directed, habitual and Pavlovian prosocial behavior
#MMPMID26074797
G?siarz F
; Crockett MJ
Front Behav Neurosci
2015[]; 9
(ä): 135
PMID26074797
show ga
Although prosocial behaviors have been widely studied across disciplines, the
mechanisms underlying them are not fully understood. Evidence from psychology,
biology and economics suggests that prosocial behaviors can be driven by a
variety of seemingly opposing factors: altruism or egoism, intuition or
deliberation, inborn instincts or learned dispositions, and utility derived from
actions or their outcomes. Here we propose a framework inspired by research on
reinforcement learning and decision making that links these processes and
explains characteristics of prosocial behaviors in different contexts. More
specifically, we suggest that prosocial behaviors inherit features of up to three
decision-making systems employed to choose between self- and other- regarding
acts: a goal-directed system that selects actions based on their predicted
consequences, a habitual system that selects actions based on their reinforcement
history, and a Pavlovian system that emits reflexive responses based on
evolutionarily prescribed priors. This framework, initially described in the
field of cognitive neuroscience and machine learning, provides insight into the
potential neural circuits and computations shaping prosocial behaviors.
Furthermore, it identifies specific conditions in which each of these three
systems should dominate and promote other- or self- regarding behavior.