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2016 ; 4
(1
): 181-4
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Genomic Imprinting
#MMPMID27275355
Bajrami E
; Spiroski M
Open Access Maced J Med Sci
2016[Mar]; 4
(1
): 181-4
PMID27275355
show ga
BACKGROUND: Genomic imprinting is the inheritance out of Mendelian borders. Many
of inherited diseases and human development violates Mendelian law of
inheritance, this way of inheriting is studied by epigenetics. AIM: The aim of
this review is to analyze current opinions and options regarding to this way of
inheriting. RESULTS: Epigenetics shows that gene expression undergoes changes
more complex than modifications in the DNA sequence; it includes the
environmental influence on the gametes before conception. Humans inherit two
alleles from mother and father, both are functional for the majority of the
genes, but sometimes one is turned off or "stamped" and doesn't show in
offspring, that gene is imprinted. Imprinting means that that gene is silenced,
and gene from other parent is expressed. The mechanisms for imprinting are still
incompletely defined, but they involve epigenetic modifications that are erased
and then reset during the creation of eggs and sperm. Genomic imprinting is a
process of silencing genes through DNA methylation. The repressed allele is
methylated, while the active allele is unmethylated. The most well-known
conditions include Prader-Willi syndrome, and Angelman syndrome. Both of these
syndromes can be caused by imprinting or other errors involving genes on the long
arm of chromosome 15. CONCLUSIONS: Genomic imprinting and other epigenetic
mechanisms such as environment is shown that plays role in offspring
neurodevelopment and autism spectrum disorder.
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