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2013 ; 18
(3
): 101-5
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Genetic syndromes associated with overgrowth in childhood
#MMPMID24904861
Ko JM
Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab
2013[Sep]; 18
(3
): 101-5
PMID24904861
show ga
Overgrowth syndromes comprise a diverse group of conditions with unique clinical,
behavioral and molecular genetic features. While considerable overlap in
presentation sometimes exists, advances in identification of the precise etiology
of specific overgrowth disorders continue to improve clinicians' ability to make
an accurate diagnosis. Among them, this paper introduces two classic genetic
overgrowth syndromes: Sotos syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
Historically, the diagnosis was based entirely on clinical findings. However, it
is now understood that Sotos syndrome is caused by a variety of molecular genetic
alterations resulting in haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene at chromosome 5q35
and that Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is caused by heterogeneous abnormalities in
the imprinting of a number of growth regulatory genes within chromosome 11p15 in
the majority of cases. Interestingly, the 11p15 imprinting region is also
associated with Russell-Silver syndrome which is a typical growth retardation
syndrome. Opposite epigenetic alterations in 11p15 result in opposite clinical
features shown in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Russell-Silver syndrome.
Although the exact functions of the causing genes have not yet been completely
understood, these overgrowth syndromes can be good models to clarify the complex
basis of human growth and help to develop better-directed therapies in the
future.