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2017 ; 13
(5
): 2129-2133
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Genetic basis of pediatric epilepsy syndromes
#MMPMID28565819
Zhang D
; Liu X
; Deng X
Exp Ther Med
2017[May]; 13
(5
): 2129-2133
PMID28565819
show ga
Childhood epilepsy affects ~0.5-1% in the general population worldwide.
Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies are considered to be severe neurological
disorders, which lead to impaired motor, cognitive, and sensory development due
to recurrence of seizures. Many of the observed epilepsy phenotypes are
associated with specific chromosomal imbalances and thus display gene dosage
effects, and also specific mutations of a variety of genes ranging from ion
channels to transcription factors. High throughput sequencing technologies and
whole exome sequencing have led to the recognition of several new candidate genes
with a possible role in the pathogenesis of epileptic encephalopathies. The
mutations causing channelopathies can be either a gain or a loss of ion channel
function and contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy syndrome. Nearly 300
mutations of SCN1A gene coding for the Nav1.1 channel protein have been
identified that contribute to the pathology of epilepsy. Besides Na, potassium
and calcium channels are also implicated in epileptic encephalopathies.
Therapeutic management of epileptic encephalopathies has been challenging as the
majority of the medications are not efficient and often have many undesirable
side effects. A better understanding of the molecular nature of epilepsy in an
individual is important to design a personalized medication, considering the
number of possible genetic mutations that can contribute to epileptic
encephalopathies.