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2016 ; 22
(41
): 9069-9095
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Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update
#MMPMID27895396
Niu ZS
; Niu XJ
; Wang WH
World J Gastroenterol
2016[Nov]; 22
(41
): 9069-9095
PMID27895396
show ga
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related
deaths worldwide. Although recent advances in therapeutic approaches for treating
HCC have improved the prognoses of patients with HCC, this cancer is still
associated with a poor survival rate mainly due to late diagnosis. Therefore, a
diagnosis must be made sufficiently early to perform curative and effective
treatments. There is a need for a deeper understanding of the molecular
mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of HCC because these
mechanisms are critical for making early diagnoses and developing novel
therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, much progress has been made in
elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. In
particular, recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have
revealed numerous genetic alterations, including recurrently mutated genes and
dysregulated signaling pathways in HCC. A better understanding of the genetic
alterations in HCC could contribute to identifying potential driver mutations and
discovering novel therapeutic targets in the future. In this article, we
summarize the current advances in research on the genetic alterations, including
genomic instability, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, somatic mutations and
deregulated signaling pathways, implicated in the initiation and progression of
HCC. We also attempt to elucidate some of the genetic mechanisms that contribute
to making early diagnoses of and developing molecularly targeted therapies for
HCC.
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