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2016 ; 130
(5
): 337-48
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Gender differences in developmental programming of cardiovascular diseases
#MMPMID26814204
Dasinger JH
; Alexander BT
Clin Sci (Lond)
2016[Mar]; 130
(5
): 337-48
PMID26814204
show ga
Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of
death worldwide. Although multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of
hypertension, studies by Dr David Barker reporting an inverse relationship
between birth weight and blood pressure led to the hypothesis that slow growth
during fetal life increased blood pressure and the risk for cardiovascular
disease in later life. It is now recognized that growth during infancy and
childhood, in addition to exposure to adverse influences during fetal life,
contributes to the developmental programming of increased cardiovascular risk.
Numerous epidemiological studies support the link between influences during early
life and later cardiovascular health; experimental models provide proof of
principle and indicate that numerous mechanisms contribute to the developmental
origins of chronic disease. Sex has an impact on the severity of cardiovascular
risk in experimental models of developmental insult. Yet, few studies examine the
influence of sex on blood pressure and cardiovascular health in low-birth weight
men and women. Fewer still assess the impact of ageing on sex differences in
programmed cardiovascular risk. Thus, the aim of the present review is to
highlight current data about sex differences in the developmental programming of
blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.