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Gastrointestinal disorders associated with migraine: A comprehensive review
#MMPMID27688656
Cámara-Lemarroy CR
; Rodriguez-Gutierrez R
; Monreal-Robles R
; Marfil-Rivera A
World J Gastroenterol
2016[Sep]; 22
(36
): 8149-60
PMID27688656
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Migraine is a recurrent and commonly disabling primary headache disorder that
affects over 17% of women and 5%-8% of men. Migraine susceptibility is
multifactorial with genetic, hormonal and environmental factors all playing an
important role. The physiopathology of migraine is complex and still not fully
understood. Many different neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and brain pathways
have been implicated. In connection with the myriad mechanisms and pathways
implicated in migraine, a variety of multisystemic comorbidities (e.g.,
cardiovascular, psychiatric and other neurological conditions) have been found to
be closely associated with migraine. Recent reports demonstrate an increased
frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in patients with migraine compared
with the general population. Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel
syndrome, gastroparesis, hepatobiliary disorders, celiac disease and alterations
in the microbiota have been linked to the occurrence of migraine. Several
mechanisms involving the gut-brain axis, such as a chronic inflammatory response
with inflammatory and vasoactive mediators passing to the circulatory system,
intestinal microbiota modulation of the enteric immunological milieu and
dysfunction of the autonomic and enteric nervous system, have been postulated to
explain these associations. However, the precise mechanisms and pathways related
to the gut-brain axis in migraine need to be fully elucidated. In this review, we
survey the available literature linking migraine with GI disorders. We discuss
the possible physiopathological mechanisms, and clinical implications as well as
several future areas of interest for research.
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