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2015 ; 16
(ä): 818-22
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Gastrointestinal Bleeding Secondary to Calciphylaxis
#MMPMID26572938
Gupta N
; Haq KF
; Mahajan S
; Nagpal P
; Doshi B
Am J Case Rep
2015[Nov]; 16
(ä): 818-22
PMID26572938
show ga
BACKGROUND Calciphylaxis is associated with a high mortality that approaches 80%.
The diagnosis is usually made when obvious skin lesions (painful violaceous
mottling of the skin) are present. However, visceral involvement is rare. We
present a case of calciphylaxis leading to lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding
and rectal ulceration of the GI mucosa. CASE REPORT A 66-year-old woman with past
medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, end-stage renal disease
(ESRD), recently diagnosed ovarian cancer, and on hemodialysis (HD) presented
with painful black necrotic eschar on both legs. The radiograph of the legs
demonstrated extensive calcification of the lower extremity arteries. The
hospital course was complicated with lower GI bleeding. A CT scan of the abdomen
revealed severe circumferential calcification of the abdominal aorta, celiac
artery, and superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and their branches.
Colonoscopy revealed severe rectal necrosis. She was deemed to be a poor surgical
candidate due to comorbidities and presence of extensive vascular calcifications.
Recurrent episodes of profuse GI bleeding were managed conservatively with blood
transfusion as needed. Following her diagnosis of calciphylaxis, supplementation
with vitamin D and calcium containing phosphate binders was stopped. She was
started on daily hemodialysis with low calcium dialysate bath as well as
intravenous sodium thiosulphate. The clinical condition of the patient
deteriorated. The patient died secondary to multiorgan failure. CONCLUSIONS
Calciphylaxis leading to intestinal ischemia/perforation should be considered in
the differential diagnosis in ESRD on HD presenting with abdominal pain or GI
bleeding.