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2017 ; 65
(4
): 311-323
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Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression
#MMPMID28101591
Czernek L
; Düchler M
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)
2017[Aug]; 65
(4
): 311-323
PMID28101591
show ga
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, constitute an important element of
intercellular communication by carrying a variety of molecules from producer to
target cells. The transport of mRNA and miRNA can directly modulate gene
expression in the target cells. The miRNA content in exosomes is characteristic
for the cell from which the vesicles were derived enabling the usage of exosomes
as biomarkers for the diagnosis various diseases, including cancer.
Cancer-derived exosomes support the survival and progression of tumors in many
ways and also contribute to the neutralization of the anti-cancer immune
response. Exosomes participate in all known mechanisms by which cancer evades the
immune system. They influence the differentiation and activation of immune
suppressor cells, they modulate antigen presentation, and are able to induce
T-cell apoptosis. Although cancer-derived exosomes mainly suppress the immune
system and facilitate tumor progression, they are also important sources of tumor
antigens with potential clinical application in stimulating immune responses.
This review summarizes how exosomes assist cancer to escape immune recognition
and to acquire control over the immune system.
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