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2018 ; 24
(11
): 1181-1195
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Functional macrophages and gastrointestinal disorders
#MMPMID29568199
Liu YH
; Ding Y
; Gao CC
; Li LS
; Wang YX
; Xu JD
World J Gastroenterol
2018[Mar]; 24
(11
): 1181-1195
PMID29568199
show ga
Macrophages (M?) differentiate from blood monocytes and participate in innate and
adaptive immunity. Because of their abilities to recognize pathogens and activate
bactericidal activities, M? are always discovered at the site of immune defense.
M? in the intestine are unique, such that in the healthy intestine, they possess
complex mechanisms to protect the gut from inflammation. In these complex
mechanisms, they produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 and
transforming growth factor-?, and inhibit the inflammatory pathways mediated by
Toll-like receptors. It has been demonstrated that resident M? play a crucial
role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and they can be recognized by their
unique markers. Nonetheless, in the inflamed intestine, the function of M? will
change because of environmental variation, which may be one of the mechanisms of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We provide further explanation about these
mechanisms in our review. In addition, we review recent discoveries that M? may
be involved in the development of gastrointestinal tumors. We will highlight the
possible therapeutic targets for the management of IBD and gastrointestinal
tumors, and we also discuss why more details are needed to fully understand all
other effects of intestinal M?.
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