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2015 ; 5
(3
): 323-31
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Functional imaging of the musculoskeletal system
#MMPMID26029633
Griffith JF
Quant Imaging Med Surg
2015[Jun]; 5
(3
): 323-31
PMID26029633
show ga
Functional imaging, which provides information of how tissues function rather
than structural information, is well established in neuro- and cardiac imaging.
Many musculoskeletal structures, such as ligaments, fascia and mineralized bone,
have by definition a mainly structural role and clearly don't have the same
functional capacity as the brain, heart, liver or kidney. The main functionally
responsive musculoskeletal tissues are the bone marrow, muscle and nerve and, as
such, magnetic resonance (MR) functional imaging has primarily addressed these
areas. Proton or phosphorus spectroscopy, other fat quantification techniques,
perfusion imaging, BOLD imaging, diffusion and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are
the main functional techniques applied. The application of these techniques in
the musculoskeletal system has mainly been research orientated where they have
already greatly enhanced our understanding of marrow physiology, muscle
physiology and neural function. Going forwards, they will have a greater clinical
impact helping to bridge the disconnect often seen between structural appearances
and clinical symptoms, allowing a greater understanding of disease processes and
earlier recognition of disease, improving prognostic prediction and optimizing
the monitoring of treatment effect.