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2016 ; 45 Suppl 1
(Suppl 1
): S24-31
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From first generation biofuels to advanced solar biofuels
#MMPMID26667057
Aro EM
Ambio
2016[Jan]; 45 Suppl 1
(Suppl 1
): S24-31
PMID26667057
show ga
Roadmaps towards sustainable bioeconomy, including the production of biofuels, in
many EU countries mostly rely on biomass use. However, although biomass is
renewable, the efficiency of biomass production is too low to be able to fully
replace the fossil fuels. The use of land for fuel production also introduces
ethical problems in increasing the food price. Harvesting solar energy by the
photosynthetic machinery of plants and autotrophic microorganisms is the basis
for all biomass production. This paper describes current challenges and
possibilities to sustainably increase the biomass production and highlights
future technologies to further enhance biofuel production directly from sunlight.
The biggest scientific breakthroughs are expected to rely on a new technology
called "synthetic biology", which makes engineering of biological systems
possible. It will enable direct conversion of solar energy to a fuel from
inexhaustible raw materials: sun light, water and CO2. In the future, such solar
biofuels are expected to be produced in engineered photosynthetic microorganisms
or in completely synthetic living factories.
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