10.1002/ddr.21369 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1002/ddr.21369 C5324562!5324562
!27767221
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Drug+Dev+Res
2017 ; 78
(1
): 3-23
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From Gutenberg to Open Science: An Unfulfilled Odyssey
#MMPMID27767221
Triggle CR
; Triggle DJ
Drug Dev Res
2017[Feb]; 78
(1
): 3-23
PMID27767221
show ga
Preclinical Research With the almost global availability of the Internet comes
the expectation of universal accessibility to knowledge, including scientific
knowledge-particularly that generated by public funding. Currently this is not
the case. In this Commentary we discuss access to this knowledge, the politics
that govern peer review and publication, and the role of this knowledge as a
public good in medicine. ?Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in 1440
opened an avenue for the distribution of scholarly information to the entire
world. The scientific literature first appeared in 1665 with Le Journal des
Sçavans followed in the same year by Philosophical Transactions. Today there are
more than 5000 scientific publishing companies, 25,000 journals and 1.5 million
articles published/year generating revenue of $25 billion USD. ?The European
Union and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have argued
for open access (OA) to scientific data for all publicly funded research by 2020
with a similar initiative in the USA via the Fair Access to Science and
Technology Research Act (FASTR). However, OA to published science is but one step
in this odyssey. If the products of science are not openly available then it can
be argued that the norms of science as defined by Merton including "universalism"
and "communalism" have yet to be accomplished. Nowhere is this more apparent than
in the delivery of medicines to the poor and for rare diseases, the attempts to
privatize human genetic information and, not least, dealing with the challenges
of antibiotic resistance and new disease pandemics exacerbated by climate change.
Drug Dev Res 78 : 3-23, 2017. ??© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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[MESH] |Diffusion of Innovation
[MESH] |Humans
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