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2015 ; 49 Suppl 1
(0 1
): S7-S12
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From Birth to "Immunohealth," Allergies and Enterocolitis
#MMPMID26447970
Houghteling PD
; Walker WA
J Clin Gastroenterol
2015[Nov]; 49 Suppl 1
(0 1
): S7-S12
PMID26447970
show ga
Microbial signals stimulate development and maintenance of the neonatal immune
system. The process begins in utero, with limited exposure to microbes in the
intrauterine environment, as well as maternal immune signals priming the
developing immune system. After birth and initial colonization, the immune system
must be able to activate against pathogens, but also achieve oral tolerance of
food and resident gut microbes. Through microbial signals and appropriate
nutrition, the immune system is able to achieve homeostasis. Major challenges to
successful colonization and immune system regulation include abnormal microbial
inoculi (cesarean section, hygiene) and antibiotics. When normal colonization is
interrupted, dysbiosis occurs. This imbalance of microbes and subsequently of the
immune system can result in allergic diseases, asthma, or necrotizing
enterocolitis. Probiotics and probiotic-derived therapies represent an exciting
avenue to replete the population of commensal microbes and to prevent the
immune-mediated sequelae of dysbiosis.