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2015 ; 17
(5
): 463-71
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Fragile X Syndrome: Scientific Background and Screening Technologies
#MMPMID26162330
Lyons JI
; Kerr GR
; Mueller PW
J Mol Diagn
2015[Sep]; 17
(5
): 463-71
PMID26162330
show ga
Fragile X is the most common inherited cause of mental retardation with a
prevalence of 1 in 4000 for males and 1 in 5000 to 8000 for females. The American
College of Medical Genetics and Genomics has recommended diagnostic testing for
fragile X in symptomatic persons, women with ovarian dysfunction, and persons
with tremor/ataxia syndrome. Although medical and scientific professionals do not
currently recommend screening nonsymptomatic populations, improvements in current
treatment approaches and ongoing clinical trials have generated growing interest
in screening for fragile X. Here, we briefly review the relevant molecular basis
of fragile X and fragile X testing and compare three different molecular
technologies available for fragile X screening in both males and females. These
technologic approaches include destabilizing the CGG-repeat region with betaine
and using chimeric CGG-targeted PCR primers, using heat pulses to destabilize C-G
bonds in the PCR extension step, and using melting curve analysis to
differentiate expanded CGG repeats from normals. The first two-step method
performed with high sensitivity and specificity. The second method provided
agarose gel images that allow identification of males with expanded CGG repeats
and females with expanded CGG-repeat bands which are sometimes faint. The third
melting curve analysis method would require controls in each run to correct for
shifting optimal cutoff values.
|Adult
[MESH]
|DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics/*physiology
[MESH]