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Fosfomycin: Uses and potentialities in veterinary medicine
#MMPMID26623336
Pérez DS
; Tapia MO
; Soraci AL
Open Vet J
2014[]; 4
(1
): 26-43
PMID26623336
show ga
Fosfomycin (FOS) is a natural bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotic which acts
on proliferating bacteria by inhibiting cell wall and early murein/peptidoglycan
synthesis. Bactericidal activity is evident against Gram positive and Gram
negative bacteria and can also act synergistically with other antibiotics.
Bacterial resistance to FOS may be natural or acquired. Other properties of this
drug include inhibition of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells,
exopolysaccharide biofilm penetration, immunomodulatory effect, phagocytosis
promotion and protection against the nephrotoxicity caused by other drugs. FOS
has chemical characteristics not typically observed in organic phosphoric
compounds and its molecular weight is almost the lowest of all the
antimicrobials. It tends to form salts easily due to its acidic nature (disodium
salt, for intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC)
administration; calcium and trometamol salt: for oral (PO) administration). FOS
has a very low protein binding (<0.5%) which, along with its low molecular weight
and water solubility, contributes to its good diffusion into fluids
(cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous and vitreous humor, interstitial fluid) and tissues
(placenta, bone, muscle, liver, kidney and skin/fat). In all species, important
differences in the bioavailability have been found after administration in
relation to the various derivatives of FOS salts. Pharmacokinetic profiles have
been described in humans, chickens, rabbits, cows, dogs, horses and weaning
piglets. The low toxicity and potential efficacy of FOS are the main factors that
contribute to its use in humans and animals. Thus, it has been used to treat a
broad variety of bacterial infections in humans, such as localized peritonitis,
brain abscesses, severe soft tissue infections, cystitis and other conditions. In
veterinary medicine, FOS is used to treat infectious diseases of broiler chickens
and pigs. In broilers, it is administered for the treatment of E. coli and
Salmonella spp. infections. In piglets, the drug is prescribed to treat a wide
variety of bacterial infections. FOS penetration is demonstrated in phagocytic,
respiratory (HEP-2) and intestinal (IPEC-J2) cells. Although not widely used in
animals, the drug has shown good results in human medicine. The potentialities of
FOS suggest that this drug is a promising candidate for the treatment of
infections in veterinary medicine. For these reasons, the aim of this work is to
provide animal health practitioners with information on a drug that is not
extensively recognized.
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