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2017 ; 15
(2
): 119-140
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Firms, crowds, and innovation
#MMPMID28690428
Felin T
; Lakhani KR
; Tushman ML
Strateg Organ
2017[May]; 15
(2
): 119-140
PMID28690428
show ga
The purpose of this article is to suggest a (preliminary) taxonomy and research
agenda for the topic of "firms, crowds, and innovation" and to provide an
introduction to the associated special issue. We specifically discuss how various
crowd-related phenomena and practices-for example, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding,
user innovation, and peer production-relate to theories of the firm, with
particular attention on "sociality" in firms and markets. We first briefly review
extant theories of the firm and then discuss three theoretical aspects of
sociality related to crowds in the context of strategy, organizations, and
innovation: (1) the functions of sociality (sociality as extension of
rationality, sociality as sensing and signaling, sociality as matching and
identity), (2) the forms of sociality (independent/aggregate and
interacting/emergent forms of sociality), and (3) the failures of sociality
(misattribution and misapplication). We conclude with an outline of future
research directions and introduce the special issue papers and essays.