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2014 ; 43
(6
): 237-266
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Fetal MRI: A Technical Update with Educational Aspirations
#MMPMID26225129
Gholipour A
; Estroff JA
; Barnewolt CE
; Robertson RL
; Grant PE
; Gagoski B
; Warfield SK
; Afacan O
; Connolly SA
; Neil JJ
; Wolfberg A
; Mulkern RV
Concepts Magn Reson Part A Bridg Educ Res
2014[Nov]; 43
(6
): 237-266
PMID26225129
show ga
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations have become well-established
procedures at many institutions and can serve as useful adjuncts to ultrasound
(US) exams when diagnostic doubts remain after US. Due to fetal motion, however,
fetal MRI exams are challenging and require the MR scanner to be used in a
somewhat different mode than that employed for more routine clinical studies.
Herein we review the techniques most commonly used, and those that are available,
for fetal MRI with an emphasis on the physics of the techniques and how to deploy
them to improve success rates for fetal MRI exams. By far the most common
technique employed is single-shot T2-weighted imaging due to its excellent tissue
contrast and relative immunity to fetal motion. Despite the significant
challenges involved, however, many of the other techniques commonly employed in
conventional neuro- and body MRI such as T1 and T2*-weighted imaging, diffusion
and perfusion weighted imaging, as well as spectroscopic methods remain of
interest for fetal MR applications. An effort to understand the strengths and
limitations of these basic methods within the context of fetal MRI is made in
order to optimize their use and facilitate implementation of technical
improvements for the further development of fetal MR imaging, both in acquisition
and post-processing strategies.