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2015 ; 9
(1
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Ferroelectrics under the Synchrotron Light: A Review
#MMPMID28787814
Fuentes-Cobas LE
; Montero-Cabrera ME
; Pardo L
; Fuentes-Montero L
Materials (Basel)
2015[Dec]; 9
(1
): ä PMID28787814
show ga
Currently, an intensive search for high-performance lead-free ferroelectric
materials is taking place. ABO? perovskites (A = Ba, Bi, Ca, K and Na; B = Fe,
Nb, Ti, and Zr) appear as promising candidates. Understanding the
structure-function relationship is mandatory, and, in this field, the roles of
long- and short-range crystal orders and interactions are decisive. In this
review, recent advances in the global and local characterization of ferroelectric
materials by synchrotron light diffraction, scattering and absorption are
analyzed. Single- and poly-crystal synchrotron diffraction studies allow
high-resolution investigations regarding the long-range average position of ions
and subtle global symmetry break-downs. Ferroelectric materials, under the action
of electric fields, undergo crystal symmetry, crystallite/domain orientation
distribution and strain condition transformations. Methodological aspects of
monitoring these processes are discussed. Two-dimensional diffraction clarify
larger scale ordering: polycrystal texture is measured from the intensities
distribution along the Debye rings. Local order is investigated by diffuse
scattering (DS) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) experiments. DS
provides information about thermal, chemical and displacive low-dimensional
disorders. XAFS investigation of ferroelectrics reveals local B-cation
off-centering and oxidation state. This technique has the advantage of being
element-selective. Representative reports of the mentioned studies are described.