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2015 ; 10
(12
): e0144605
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Fenced and Fragmented: Conservation Value of Managed Metapopulations
#MMPMID26699333
Miller SM
; Harper CK
; Bloomer P
; Hofmeyr J
; Funston PJ
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(12
): e0144605
PMID26699333
show ga
Population fragmentation is threatening biodiversity worldwide. Species that once
roamed vast areas are increasingly being conserved in small, isolated areas.
Modern management approaches must adapt to ensure the continued survival and
conservation value of these populations. In South Africa, a managed
metapopulation approach has been adopted for several large carnivore species, all
protected in isolated, relatively small, reserves that are fenced. As far as
possible these approaches are based on natural metapopulation structures. In this
network, over the past 25 years, African lions (Panthera leo) were reintroduced
into 44 fenced reserves with little attention given to maintaining genetic
diversity. To examine the situation, we investigated the current genetic
provenance and diversity of these lions. We found that overall genetic diversity
was similar to that in a large national park, and included a mixture of four
different southern African evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). This mixing
of ESUs, while not ideal, provides a unique opportunity to study the impact of
mixing ESUs over the long term. We propose a strategic managed metapopulation
plan to ensure the maintenance of genetic diversity and improve the long-term
conservation value of these lions. This managed metapopulation approach could be
applied to other species under similar ecological constraints around the globe.