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10.21037/tau.2016.12.01 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.21037/tau.2016.12.01 C5422681!5422681 !28540220     free     free     free Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\28540220 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Transl+Androl+Urol 2017 ; 6 (2 ): 138-148 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=28540220 |t=2017. Female genital mutilation/cutting in Africa |pdf=|usr=}}{{28540220 }} gab.com Text Female genital mutilation/cutting in Africa JO: Transl Androl Urol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28540220 #FOAvip Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional practice in which the external female genitalia is partially or totally incised or excised for a non-therapeutic reason, usually without the consent of the individual. FGM/C is common in Africa with varying prevalence in different countries, though the incidence is reducing because it is considered a human rights issue with tremendous advocacy for its elimination by mainly nongovernmental organizations. It is mainly underreported in many countries in Africa especially where it has been declared illegal. FGM/C is often performed by a nonmedical practitioner with the aim of fulfilling religious or cultural rites and sometimes for economic benefits with the resultant acute, intermediate and late complications. It is sometimes performed by medical practitioners when it is speciously believed that its medicalization reduces the complications associated with the practice. The sensitivity of FGM/C is amplified when compared to male circumcision and voluntary alterations of the female external genitalia like piercing and tattooing as similar practices. The magnitude of the physical and psychosocial consequences of FGM/C outweighs the presumed benefits of the procedures highlighting the need for improvement of the multiple preventive measures by all the stakeholders and in all the sectors. Twit Text FOAVip Female genital mutilation/cutting in Africa ????Transl Androl Urol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28540220 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28540220 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|28540220 }}</ref> Female genital mutilation/cutting in Africa #MMPMID28540220 Odukogbe AA ; Afolabi BB ; Bello OO ; Adeyanju AS Transl Androl Urol 2017[Apr]; 6 (2 ): 138-148 PMID28540220 show ga Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional practice in which the external female genitalia is partially or totally incised or excised for a non-therapeutic reason, usually without the consent of the individual. FGM/C is common in Africa with varying prevalence in different countries, though the incidence is reducing because it is considered a human rights issue with tremendous advocacy for its elimination by mainly nongovernmental organizations. It is mainly underreported in many countries in Africa especially where it has been declared illegal. FGM/C is often performed by a nonmedical practitioner with the aim of fulfilling religious or cultural rites and sometimes for economic benefits with the resultant acute, intermediate and late complications. It is sometimes performed by medical practitioners when it is speciously believed that its medicalization reduces the complications associated with the practice. The sensitivity of FGM/C is amplified when compared to male circumcision and voluntary alterations of the female external genitalia like piercing and tattooing as similar practices. The magnitude of the physical and psychosocial consequences of FGM/C outweighs the presumed benefits of the procedures highlighting the need for improvement of the multiple preventive measures by all the stakeholders and in all the sectors. äFemale genital mutilation/cutting in Africa (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing