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2016 ; 1376
(1
): 29-52
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Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D
#MMPMID27649525
Bikle DD
Ann N Y Acad Sci
2016[Jul]; 1376
(1
): 29-52
PMID27649525
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The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is found in nearly all, if not all, cells in the
body. The enzyme that produces the active metabolite of vitamin D and ligand for
VDR, namely CYP27B1, likewise is widely expressed in many cells of the body.
These observations indicate that the role of vitamin D is not limited to
regulation of bone and mineral homeostasis, as important as that is. Rather, the
study of its extraskeletal actions has become the major driving force behind the
significant increase in research articles on vitamin D published over the past
several decades. A great deal of information has accumulated from cell culture
studies, in vivo animal studies, and clinical association studies that confirms
that extraskeletal effects of vitamin D are truly widespread and substantial.
However, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, when done, have by and
large not produced the benefits anticipated by the in vitro cell culture and in
vivo animal studies. In this review, I will examine the role of vitamin D
signaling in a number of extraskeletal tissues and assess the success of
translating these findings into treatments of human diseases affecting those
extracellular tissues.
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