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2016 ; 3
(3
): 150555
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Extragalactic background light measurements and applications
#MMPMID27069645
Cooray A
R Soc Open Sci
2016[Mar]; 3
(3
): 150555
PMID27069645
show ga
This review covers the measurements related to the extragalactic background light
intensity from ?-rays to radio in the electromagnetic spectrum over 20 decades in
wavelength. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) remains the best measured
spectrum with an accuracy better than 1%. The measurements related to the cosmic
optical background (COB), centred at 1??m, are impacted by the large zodiacal
light associated with interplanetary dust in the inner Solar System. The best
measurements of COB come from an indirect technique involving ?-ray spectra of
bright blazars with an absorption feature resulting from pair-production off of
COB photons. The cosmic infrared background (CIB) peaking at around 100??m
established an energetically important background with an intensity comparable to
the optical background. This discovery paved the way for large aperture
far-infrared and sub-millimetre observations resulting in the discovery of dusty,
starbursting galaxies. Their role in galaxy formation and evolution remains an
active area of research in modern-day astrophysics. The extreme UV (EUV)
background remains mostly unexplored and will be a challenge to measure due to
the high Galactic background and absorption of extragalactic photons by the
intergalactic medium at these EUV/soft X-ray energies. We also summarize our
understanding of the spatial anisotropies and angular power spectra of intensity
fluctuations. We motivate a precise direct measurement of the COB between 0.1 and
5??m using a small aperture telescope observing either from the outer Solar
System, at distances of 5?AU or more, or out of the ecliptic plane. Other future
applications include improving our understanding of the background at TeV
energies and spectral distortions of CMB and CIB.
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