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2018 ; 33
(3
): 290-297
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Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease
#MMPMID29465447
Hutcheson JD
; Aikawa E
Curr Opin Cardiol
2018[May]; 33
(3
): 290-297
PMID29465447
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Extracellular vesicles have emerged as one of the most
important means through which cells interact with each other and the
extracellular environment, but extracellular vesicle research remains challenging
due to their small size, limited amount of material required for traditional
molecular biology assays and inconsistency in the methods of their isolation. The
advent of new technologies and standards in the field, however, have led to
increased mechanistic insight into extracellular vesicle function. Herein, the
latest studies on the role of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular physiology
and disease are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: Extracellular vesicles help control
cardiovascular homeostasis and remodelling by mediating communication between
cells and directing alterations in the extracellular matrix to respond to changes
in the environment. The message carried from the parent cell to extracellular
space can be intended for both local (within the same tissue) and distal
(downstream of blood flow) targets. Pathological cargo loaded within
extracellular vesicles could further result in various diseases. On the contrary,
new studies indicate that injection of extracellular vesicles obtained from
cultured cells into diseased tissues can promote restoration of normal tissue
function. SUMMARY: Extracellular vesicles are an integral part of cell and tissue
function, and harnessing the properties inherent to extracellular vesicles may
provide a therapeutic strategy to promote tissue regeneration.