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2016 ; 2016
(ä): 1073140
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Extracellular Vesicles: Evolving Factors in Stem Cell Biology
#MMPMID26649044
Nawaz M
; Fatima F
; Vallabhaneni KC
; Penfornis P
; Valadi H
; Ekström K
; Kholia S
; Whitt JD
; Fernandes JD
; Pochampally R
; Squire JA
; Camussi G
Stem Cells Int
2016[]; 2016
(ä): 1073140
PMID26649044
show ga
Stem cells are proposed to continuously secrete trophic factors that potentially
serve as mediators of autocrine and paracrine activities, associated with
reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment, tissue regeneration, and repair.
Hitherto, significant efforts have been made to understand the level of
underlying paracrine activities influenced by stem cell secreted trophic factors,
as little is known about these interactions. Recent findings, however, elucidate
this role by reporting the effects of stem cell derived extracellular vesicles
(EVs) that mimic the phenotypes of the cells from which they originate. Exchange
of genetic information utilizing persistent bidirectional communication mediated
by stem cell-EVs could regulate stemness, self-renewal, and differentiation in
stem cells and their subpopulations. This review therefore discusses stem
cell-EVs as evolving communication factors in stem cell biology, focusing on how
they regulate cell fates by inducing persistent and prolonged genetic
reprogramming of resident cells in a paracrine fashion. In addition, we address
the role of stem cell-secreted vesicles in shaping the tumor microenvironment and
immunomodulation and in their ability to stimulate endogenous repair processes
during tissue damage. Collectively, these functions ensure an enormous potential
for future therapies.