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2017 ; 120
(10
): 1658-1673
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Extracellular Vesicles in Angiogenesis
#MMPMID28495996
Todorova D
; Simoncini S
; Lacroix R
; Sabatier F
; Dignat-George F
Circ Res
2017[May]; 120
(10
): 1658-1673
PMID28495996
show ga
During the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include apoptotic
bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, have emerged as important players in
cell-to-cell communication in normal physiology and pathological conditions. EVs
encapsulate and convey various bioactive molecules that are further transmitted
to neighboring or more distant cells, where they induce various signaling
cascades. The message delivered to the target cells is dependent on EV
composition, which, in turn, is determined by the cell of origin and the
surrounding microenvironment during EV biogenesis. Among their multifaceted role
in the modulation of biological responses, the involvement of EVs in vascular
development, growth, and maturation has been widely documented and their
potential therapeutic application in regenerative medicine or
angiogenesis-related diseases is drawing increasing interest. EVs derived from
various cell types have the potential to deliver complex information to
endothelial cells and to induce either pro- or antiangiogenic signaling. As
dynamic systems, in response to changes in the microenvironment, EVs adapt their
cargo composition to fine-tune the process of blood vessel formation. This
article reviews the current knowledge on the role of microvesicles and exosomes
from various cellular origins in angiogenesis, with a particular emphasis on the
underlying mechanisms, and discusses the main challenges and prerequisites for
their therapeutic applications.
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