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2018 ; 9
(2
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
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Extracellular Electron Transfer Powers Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Metabolism
#MMPMID29636430
Keogh D
; Lam LN
; Doyle LE
; Matysik A
; Pavagadhi S
; Umashankar S
; Low PM
; Dale JL
; Song Y
; Ng SP
; Boothroyd CB
; Dunny GM
; Swarup S
; Williams RBH
; Marsili E
; Kline KA
mBio
2018[Apr]; 9
(2
): ä PMID29636430
show ga
Enterococci are important human commensals and significant opportunistic
pathogens. Biofilm-related enterococcal infections, such as endocarditis, urinary
tract infections, wound and surgical site infections, and medical
device-associated infections, often become chronic upon the formation of biofilm.
The biofilm matrix establishes properties that distinguish this state from
free-living bacterial cells and increase tolerance to antimicrobial
interventions. The metabolic versatility of the enterococci is reflected in the
diversity and complexity of environments and communities in which they thrive.
Understanding metabolic factors governing colonization and persistence in
different host niches can reveal factors influencing the transition to biofilm
pathogenicity. Here, we report a form of iron-dependent metabolism for
Enterococcus faecalis where, in the absence of heme, extracellular electron
transfer (EET) and increased ATP production augment biofilm growth. We observe
alterations in biofilm matrix depth and composition during iron-augmented biofilm
growth. We show that the ldh gene encoding l-lactate dehydrogenase is required
for iron-augmented energy production and biofilm formation and promotes
EET.IMPORTANCE Bacterial metabolic versatility can often influence the outcome of
host-pathogen interactions, yet causes of metabolic shifts are difficult to
resolve. The bacterial biofilm matrix provides the structural and functional
support that distinguishes this state from free-living bacterial cells. Here, we
show that the biofilm matrix can immobilize iron, providing access to this
growth-promoting resource which is otherwise inaccessible in the planktonic
state. Our data show that in the absence of heme, Enterococcus faecalis l-lactate
dehydrogenase promotes EET and uses matrix-associated iron to carry out EET.
Therefore, the presence of iron within the biofilm matrix leads to enhanced
biofilm growth.
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