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2020 ; 56
(2
): 106024
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Extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19
#MMPMID32450197
Lai CC
; Ko WC
; Lee PI
; Jean SS
; Hsueh PR
Int J Antimicrob Agents
2020[Aug]; 56
(2
): 106024
PMID32450197
show ga
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global health threat. Although most
patients with COVID-19 manifest fever and respiratory tract symptoms, SARS-CoV-2
infection may also involve other organs/systems and present with
extra-respiratory manifestations, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, hepatic,
renal, neurological, olfactory, gustatory, ocular, cutaneous and haematological
symptoms. Occasionally, these extra-respiratory symptoms/signs represent the
initial presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, prior to fever or respiratory
manifestations. Therefore, this comprehensive review of the extra-respiratory
manifestations of COVID-19 is intended to help clinicians better understand the
range of clinical presentations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, allowing
the consideration of COVID-19 in differential diagnoses. A screening test for
SARS-CoV-2 should be performed when patients have these extra-respiratory
manifestations. In addition, clinicians should be alerted to the adverse effects
of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents that can mimic the extra-respiratory manifestations of
COVID-19. Moreover, some extra-respiratory manifestations, such as ocular and
gastrointestinal involvement, may be caused by direct invasion of SARS-CoV-2.
Therefore, protective measures should be taken while managing the associated
clinical specimens. Finally, several extra-respiratory manifestations, such as
cardiac involvement, acute kidney injury, coagulation disorders and thrombotic
complications, could be associated with a poor prognosis.
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