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2016 ; 4
(3
): 396-404
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Exposure and Health Effects of Fungi on Humans
#MMPMID26947460
Baxi SN
; Portnoy JM
; Larenas-Linnemann D
; Phipatanakul W
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract
2016[May]; 4
(3
): 396-404
PMID26947460
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Fungi are ubiquitous microorganisms that are present in outdoor and indoor
environments. Previous research has found relationships between environmental
fungal exposures and human health effects. We reviewed recent articles focused on
fungal exposure and dampness as risk factors for respiratory disease development,
symptoms, and hypersensitivity. In particular, we reviewed the evidence
suggesting that early exposure to dampness or fungi is associated with the
development of asthma and increased asthma morbidity. Although outdoor exposure
to high concentrations of spores can cause health effects such as asthma attacks
in association with thunderstorms, most people appear to be relatively unaffected
unless they are sensitized to specific genera. Indoor exposure and dampness,
however, appears to be associated with an increased risk of developing asthma in
young children and asthma morbidity in individuals who have asthma. These are
important issues because they provide a rationale for interventions that might be
considered for homes and buildings in which there is increased fungal exposure.
In addition to rhinitis and asthma, fungus exposure is associated with a number
of other illnesses including allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses, allergic fungal
sinusitis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Additional research is necessary to
establish causality and evaluate interventions for fungal- and dampness-related
health effects.
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