Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\29535707
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Front+Immunol
2018 ; 9
(ä): 241
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Exploitation of Apoptotic Regulation in Cancer
#MMPMID29535707
Ucker DS
; Levine JS
Front Immunol
2018[]; 9
(ä): 241
PMID29535707
show ga
Within an organism, environmental stresses can trigger cell death, particularly
apoptotic cell death. Apoptotic cells, themselves, are potent regulators of their
cellular environment, involved primarily in effecting homeostatic control.
Tumors, especially, exist in a dynamic balance of cell proliferation and cell
death. This special feature of the tumorous microenvironment-namely, the
prominence and persistence of cell death-necessarily entails a magnification of
the extrinsic, postmortem effects of dead cells. In both normal and malignant
tissues, apoptotic regulation is exerted through immune as well as non-immune
mechanisms. Apoptotic cells suppress the repertoire of immune reactivities, both
by attenuating innate (especially inflammatory) responses and by abrogating
adaptive responses. In addition, apoptotic cells modulate multiple vital cell
activities, including survival, proliferation (cell number), and growth (cell
size). While the microenvironment of the tumor may contribute to apoptosis, the
postmortem effects of apoptotic cells feature prominently in the reciprocal
acclimatization between the tumor and its environment. In much the same way that
pathogens evade the host's defenses through exploitation of key aspects of innate
and adaptive immunity, cancer cells subvert several normal homeostatic processes,
in particular wound healing and organ regeneration, to transform and overtake
their environment. In understanding this subversion, it is crucial to view a
tumor not simply as a clone of malignant cells, but rather as a complex and
highly organized structure in which there exists a multidirectional flow of
information between the cancer cells themselves and the multiple other cell types
and extracellular matrix components of which the tumor is comprised. Apoptotic
cells, therefore, have the unfortunate consequence of facilitating tumorigenesis
and tumor survival.
free
free
free
