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2015 ; 25
(11
): R470-81
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Expanding roles for lipid droplets
#MMPMID26035793
Welte MA
Curr Biol
2015[Jun]; 25
(11
): R470-81
PMID26035793
show ga
Lipid droplets are the intracellular sites for neutral lipid storage. They are
critical for lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis, and their dysfunction has
been linked to many diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the roles lipid
droplets play in biology are significantly broader than previously anticipated.
Lipid droplets are the source of molecules important in the nucleus: they can
sequester transcription factors and chromatin components and generate the lipid
ligands for certain nuclear receptors. Lipid droplets have also emerged as
important nodes for fatty acid trafficking, both inside the cell and between
cells. In immunity, new roles for droplets, not directly linked to lipid
metabolism, have been uncovered, with evidence that they act as assembly
platforms for specific viruses and as reservoirs for proteins that fight
intracellular pathogens. Until recently, knowledge about droplets in the nervous
system has been minimal, but now there are multiple links between lipid droplets
and neurodegeneration: many candidate genes for hereditary spastic paraplegia
also have central roles in lipid-droplet formation and maintenance, and
mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons can lead to transient accumulation of lipid
droplets in neighboring glial cells, an event that may, in turn, contribute to
neuronal damage. As the cell biology and biochemistry of lipid droplets become
increasingly well understood, the next few years should yield many new
mechanistic insights into these novel functions of lipid droplets.