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2016 ; 27
(2
): 141-7
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Expanding role of gut microbiota in lipid metabolism
#MMPMID26855231
Ghazalpour A
; Cespedes I
; Bennett BJ
; Allayee H
Curr Opin Lipidol
2016[Apr]; 27
(2
): 141-7
PMID26855231
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article highlights recent advances in the emerging role
that gut microbiota play in modulating metabolic phenotypes, with a particular
focus on lipid metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS: Accumulating data from both human and
animal studies demonstrate that intestinal microbes can affect host lipid
metabolism through multiple direct and indirect biological mechanisms. These
include a variety of signaling molecules produced by gut bacteria that have
potent effects on hepatic lipid and bile metabolism and on reverse cholesterol
transport, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
Additionally, host genetic factors can modulate the abundance of bacterial taxa,
which can subsequently affect various metabolic phenotypes. Proof of causality
for identified microbial associations with host lipid-related phenotypes has been
demonstrated in several animal studies, but remains a challenge in humans.
Ultimately, selective manipulation of the gut microbial ecosystem for
intervention will first require a better understanding of which specific
bacteria, or alternatively, which bacterial metabolites, are appropriate targets.
SUMMARY: Recent discoveries have broad implications for elucidating bacterially
mediated pathophysiological mechanisms that alter lipid metabolism and other
related metabolic traits. From a clinical perspective, this newly recognized
endocrine organ system can be targeted for therapeutic benefit of dyslipidemia
and cardiometabolic diseases.
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