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2016 ; 13
(3
): 535-46
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Exosomes in Viral Disease
#MMPMID27324390
Anderson MR
; Kashanchi F
; Jacobson S
Neurotherapeutics
2016[Jul]; 13
(3
): 535-46
PMID27324390
show ga
Viruses have evolved many mechanisms by which to evade and subvert the immune
system to ensure survival and persistence. However, for each method undertaken by
the immune system for pathogen removal, there is a counteracting mechanism
utilized by pathogens. The new and emerging role of microvesicles in immune
intercellular communication and function is no different. Viruses across many
different families have evolved to insert viral components in exosomes, a subtype
of microvesicle, with many varying downstream effects. When assessed
cumulatively, viral antigens in exosomes increase persistence through cloaking
viral genomes, decoying the immune system, and even by increasing viral infection
in uninfected cells. Exosomes therefore represent a source of viral antigen that
can be used as a biomarker for disease and targeted for therapy in the control
and eradication of these disorders. With the rise in the persistence of new and
reemerging viruses like Ebola and Zika, exploring the role of exosomes become
more important than ever.
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