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2016 ; 7
(9
): 1081-7
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Exosomes for Immunoregulation and Therapeutic Intervention in Cancer
#MMPMID27326251
Zhang X
; Pei Z
; Chen J
; Ji C
; Xu J
; Zhang X
; Wang J
J Cancer
2016[]; 7
(9
): 1081-7
PMID27326251
show ga
Exosomes, as a subset of extracellular vesicles, function as a mode of
intercellular communication and molecular transfer, and facilitate the direct
extracellular transfer of proteins, lipids, and miRNAs/mRNAs/DNAs between cells.
Cancers have adapted exosomes and related microvesicles as a pathway that can
suppress the immune system and establish a fertile local and distant environment
to support neoplastic growth, invasion, and metastasis; these tumor-derived
exosomes affect immunoregulation mechanisms, including immune activation and
immune suppression. Immune cell-derived exosomes can modulate the immune response
in cancer, which supports the belief that these membranous vesicles are
immunotherapeutic reagents. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the
cancer immunotherapy, roles of exosomes in cancer, immunoregulation of
tumor-derived exosomes, and immunomodulation by immune cell-derived exosomes. The
topics covered here highlight novel insights into the development of efficient
exosome-based cancer vaccines for cancer therapeutic intervention.