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2016 ; 7
(ä): 1197
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Executive Functions in Children Who Experience Bullying Situations
#MMPMID27616998
Medeiros W
; Torro-Alves N
; Malloy-Diniz LF
; Minervino CM
Front Psychol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 1197
PMID27616998
show ga
Bullying is characterized by intentional, repetitive, and persistent aggressive
behavior that causes damage to the victim. Many studies investigate the social
and emotional aspects related to bullying, but few assess the cognitive aspects
it involves. Studies with aggressive individuals indicate impairment in executive
functioning and decision-making. The objective of this study was to assess hot
and cold executive functions in children who experience bullying. A total of 60
children between 10 and 11 years of age were included in the study. They were
divided into four groups: aggressors (bullies), victims, bully-victims, and
control. Tests for decision-making, inhibitory control, working memory, and
cognitive flexibility were used. The bully group made more unfavorable choices on
the Iowa Gambling Task, which may indicate difficulties in the decision-making
process. The victim group took longer to complete the Trail Making Test (Part B)
than aggressors, suggesting lower cognitive flexibility in victims. The
hypothesis that aggressors would have lower performance in other executive
functions such as inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility
has not been confirmed. This study indicates that bullies have an impairment of
hot executive functions whereas victims have a comparatively lower performance in
cold executive functions. In addition to social and cultural variables,
neurocognitive and emotional factors seem to influence the behavior of children
in bullying situations.