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2014 ; 26
(4
): 1259-67
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Examining the factor structure and etiology of prosociality
#MMPMID24885847
Mikolajewski AJ
; Chavarria J
; Moltisanti A
; Hart SA
; Taylor J
Psychol Assess
2014[Dec]; 26
(4
): 1259-67
PMID24885847
show ga
Prosociality is one construct included in the developmental propensity model
proposed by Lahey and Waldman (2003, 2005) to explain the development of conduct
problems in childhood and adolescence. Findings from previous literature on 2
facets of prosociality, dispositional sympathy and respect for rules, suggest
that both may have genetic and nonshared environmental influences, but only the
latter may have shared environmental influence. The goal of the current article
was to explore the structure of the prosociality disposition from a measurement
perspective as well as to examine the etiology of this construct. The sample
consisted of 686 twin pairs ages 7 to 13. Parents rated their children's
prosociality using the Child and Adolescent Dispositions Scale. The factor
structure of the prosociality scale was examined using confirmatory factor
analysis to compare a 1-factor model with a 2-factor model. Twin analyses were
used to examine the proportion of variance associated with genetic and
environmental effects on the latent factor(s) from the best fitting model.
Results of the current study suggest that prosociality is a disposition that can
be conceptualized as 2 related factors rather than a unitary dimension. These 2
factors map onto the subscales of the prosociality dimension (dispositional
sympathy and respect for rules). Both factors had significant genetic and
nonshared environmental influences, but only respect for rules had significant
shared environmental influences. Examining the dispositional sympathy and respect
for rules facets of prosociality separately allowed for the discovery that shared
environmental factors may have more impact on respect for rules than sympathy.
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