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2017 ; 5
(1
): 1309770
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Ethical issues associated with medical tourism in Africa
#MMPMID28740618
Mogaka JJO
; Mupara L
; Tsoka-Gwegweni JM
J Mark Access Health Policy
2017[]; 5
(1
): 1309770
PMID28740618
show ga
Global disparities in medical technologies, laws, economic inequities, and
social-cultural differences drive medical tourism (MT), the practice of
travelling to consume healthcare that is either too delayed, unavailable,
unaffordable or legally proscribed at home. Africa is simultaneously a source and
destination for MT. MT however, presents a new and challenging health ethics
frontier, being largely unregulated and characterized by policy contradictions,
minority discrimination and conflict of interest among role-players. This article
assesses the level of knowledge of MT and its associated ethical issues in
Africa; it also identifies critical research gaps on the subject in the region.
Exploratory design guided by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework was used. Key
search terms and prior determined exclusion/inclusion criteria were used to
identify relevant literature sources. Fifty-seven articles met the inclusion
criteria. Distributive justice, healthcare resource allocation, experimental
treatments and organ transplant were the most common ethical issues of medical
tourism in Africa. The dearth of robust engagement of MT and healthcare ethics,
as identified through this review, calls for more rigorous research on this
subject. Although the bulk of the medical tourism industry is driven by global
legal disparities based on ethical considerations, little attention has been
given to this subject.