Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=25194860
&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\25194860
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Clin+Ther
2014 ; 36
(12
): 1901-1912
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Estrogen in cardiovascular disease during systemic lupus erythematosus
#MMPMID25194860
Gilbert EL
; Ryan MJ
Clin Ther
2014[Dec]; 36
(12
): 1901-1912
PMID25194860
show ga
PURPOSE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune
disease that disproportionately affects women during their childbearing years.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in this patient
population at an age when women often have low cardiovascular risk. Hypertension
is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor, and its prevalence is markedly
increased in women with SLE. Estrogen has traditionally been implicated in SLE
disease progression because of the prevalence of the disease in women; however,
its role in cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension is unclear. The
objective of this review is to discuss evidence for the role of estrogen in both
human and murine SLE with emphasis on the effect of estrogen on cardiovascular
risk factors, including hypertension. METHODS: PubMed was used to search for
articles with terms related to estradiol and SLE. The references of retrieved
publications were also reviewed. FINDINGS: The potential permissive role of
estrogen in SLE development is supported by studies from experimental animal
models of lupus in which early removal of estrogen or its effects leads to
attenuation of SLE disease parameters, including autoantibody production and
renal injury. However, data about the role of estrogens in human SLE are much
less clear, with most studies not reaching firm conclusions about positive or
negative outcomes after hormonal manipulations involving estrogen during SLE (ie,
oral contraceptives, hormone therapy). Significant gaps in knowledge remain about
the effect of estrogen on cardiovascular risk factors during SLE. Studies in
women with SLE were not designed to determine the effect of estrogen or hormone
therapy on blood pressure even though hypertension is highly prevalent, and risk
of premature ovarian failure could necessitate use of hormone therapy in women
with SLE. Recent evidence from an experimental animal model of lupus found that
estrogen may protect against cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood. In
addition, increasing evidence suggests that estrogen may have distinct temporal
effects on cardiovascular risk factors during SLE. IMPLICATIONS: Data from
experimental models of lupus suggest that estrogens may have an important
permissive role for developing SLE early in life. However, their role in
adulthood remains unclear, particularly for the effect on cardiovascular disease
and its risk factors. Additional work is needed to understand the effect of
estrogens in human SLE, and preclinical studies in experimental models of SLE may
contribute important mechanistic insight to further advance the field.
free
free
free
