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2014 ; 262
(1
): 96-112
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Epigenomics of macrophages
#MMPMID25319330
Gosselin D
; Glass CK
Immunol Rev
2014[Nov]; 262
(1
): 96-112
PMID25319330
show ga
Macrophages play essential roles in tissue homeostasis, pathogen elimination, and
tissue repair. A defining characteristic of these cells is their ability to
efficiently adapt to a variety of abruptly changing and complex environments.
This ability is intrinsically linked to a capacity to quickly alter their
transcriptome, and this is tightly associated with the epigenomic organization of
these cells and, in particular, their enhancer repertoire. Indeed, enhancers are
genomic sites that serve as platforms for the integration of signaling pathways
with the mechanisms that regulate mRNA transcription. Notably, transcription is
pervasive at active enhancers and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are tightly coupled to
regulated transcription of protein-coding genes. Furthermore, given that each
cell type possesses a defining enhancer repertoire, studies on enhancers provide
a powerful method to study how specialization of functions among the diverse
macrophage subtypes may arise. Here, we review recent studies providing insights
into the distinct mechanisms that contribute to the establishment of enhancers
and their role in the regulation of transcription in macrophages.
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