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2015 ; 34
(18
): 2288-96
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Epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenicity manifesting in stem cells
#MMPMID24931168
Tung PY
; Knoepfler PS
Oncogene
2015[Apr]; 34
(18
): 2288-96
PMID24931168
show ga
One of the biggest roadblocks to using stem cells as the basis for regenerative
medicine therapies is the tumorigenicity of stem cells. Unfortunately, the unique
abilities of stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cell
types are also mechanistically linked to their tumorigenic behaviors.
Understanding the mechanisms underlying the close relationship between stem cells
and cancer cells has therefore become a primary goal in the field. In addition,
knowledge gained from investigating the striking parallels between mechanisms
orchestrating normal embryogenesis and those that invoke tumorigenesis may well
serve as the foundation for developing novel cancer treatments. Emerging
discoveries have demonstrated that epigenetic regulatory machinery has important
roles in normal stem cell functions, cancer development and cancer stem cell
(CSC) identity. These studies provide valuable insights into both the shared and
distinct mechanisms by which pluripotency and oncogenicity are established and
regulated. In this review, the cancer-related epigenetic mechanisms found in
pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells will be discussed, focusing on both the
similarities and the differences.