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2013 ; 12
(4
): 230-51
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Epidemiology of concussion in sport: a literature review
#MMPMID24396326
Clay MB
; Glover KL
; Lowe DT
J Chiropr Med
2013[Dec]; 12
(4
): 230-51
PMID24396326
show ga
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to summarize sport concussion incidence
data, identify sports that present higher injury frequency, reveal the degree of
risk in some lesser-known sports, and outline specific details within the sports
literature that raise additional concerns, such as helmet-to-helmet contact and
player positions that experience frequent impact. METHODS: A systematic
literature review of Pub Med using keyword search on injury, concussion, and
sports was performed through May 2012. Abstracts were identified, selections were
made based upon inclusion criteria, and full-length articles were obtained.
Additional articles were considered following review of reference sections.
Articles were reviewed and tabulated according to sport. RESULTS: Two hundred
eighty-nine articles were screened, and 62 articles were reviewed. The overall
incidence of concussion in sport ranged from 0.1 to 21.5 per 1000 athletic
exposures. The lowest incidence was reported in swimming and diving. Concussion
incidence was highest in Canadian junior ice hockey, but elevated incidence in
American football remains a concern because of the large number of participants.
CONCLUSIONS: The literature reviewed included incidence of concussion on the
field of play under real-world conditions and influenced by the current culture
of sport. The studies examined in this article show that there is risk of
concussion in nearly every sport. Some sports have higher concussion frequency
than others, which may depend upon the forces and roles of the positions played
in these sports. Younger athletes have a higher incidence of concussion, and
female incidence is greater than male in many comparable sports. Headgear may
reduce concussion in some sports but may also give athletes a false sense of
protection.
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